Richard II (2003)

Richard II is a historical drama by William Shakespeare that depicts the downfall of King Richard II of England and his replacement by Henry Bolingbroke, who becomes King Henry IV. The movie adaptation of the play has been made several times, with different actors playing the main roles. The plot of the movie follows the main events of the play, which are: Richard II is a weak and wasteful king who alienates his nobles and commoners by his mismanagement of the country and his arbitrary decisions. He banishes his cousin Henry Bolingbroke and seizes his inheritance after the death of Bolingbroke's father, John of Gaunt. Bolingbroke returns from exile with an army and invades England while Richard is away fighting in Ireland. He gains support from many nobles and commoners who are dissatisfied with Richard's rule. He captures Richard and forces him to abdicate the throne. Bolingbroke is crowned as King Henry IV and tries to consolidate his power by pardoning some of Richard's supporters and executing others. He also faces rebellions from some nobles who are unhappy with his usurpation. Richard is imprisoned in Pomfret Castle, where he laments his loss of kingship and identity. He is eventually killed by an assassin who claims to act on Henry's behalf, but Henry denies any involvement and vows to make a pilgrimage to Jerusalem to atone for his sins. The movie is a tragedy that explores themes such as power, legitimacy, loyalty, identity, and divine right. It shows the contrast between Richard's poetic and eloquent speeches and Henry's pragmatic and political actions. It also foreshadows the troubles that Henry will face in his reign, as depicted in the subsequent plays of Shakespeare's second tetralogy: Henry IV Part 1, Henry IV Part 2, and Henry V.